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The Sabbats

There are eight standard Sabbats (festivals or holidays) in the Wiccan calendar each year. These Sabbats represent the God and Goddess in their various aspects, and the seasonal aspects of birth, death, and rebirth. Traditionally, no magick is done on a Sabbat (unless it is a life or death emergency). The Sabbats are a time for celebrating, feasting and spending time with friends, family and loved ones. The Sabbats each honour different phases in the life cycle of the Goddess and the God. Below are the eight Wiccan Sabbats, starting with Samhain which is the Witches' New Year:

 

SAMHAIN: Samhain is celebrated on October 31st. Other names for this Sabbat include Halloween, Shadowfest, Martinmas and Old Hallowmas. Samhain is the Celtic name for this Sabbat. This is the night where the division that separates the physical world from the spiritual world is at its thinnest. Loved ones who have passed on, ancestors and spirits in general are easiest to contact on this night. Divination is at its very best on this day and scrying into fire or glass is a good way of contacting the the other side. Spirits will help you in divination. It is an Irish-Wiccan custom to place black candles in the windows for protection against evil spirits and to leave plates of food out for the spirits who will come and visit you on this night. The Crone is called upon during this night and the dying God is mourned. We reaffirm our beliefs in the oneness of all spirits and in the knowledge that our own physical deaths are not the final chapter.

YULE: Yule (the Nordic word meaning "wheel") is the Winter Solstice and is also known as Yuletide and usually occurs on December 21st. This is usually the shortest day of the year and the longest night. From this day on the days will once again grow longer as we head toward spring. The God represents the sun which returns after this night to bring warmth and fertility to the land. Yule trees are cut and decorated with images of whatever we wish to receive during the next year. A Yule log is burned and a portion of it saved to be used for protection of the home during the next year and in the lighting of the next year's Yule log.

IMBOLC: Imbolc, Candlemas, Lupercus, or Candelaria is celebrated on February 2nd and marks the end of the Winter Season and the birth of Spring. It is traditionally celebrated as a fertility festival. In Ireland, Imbolc started out as a special day to honor the Great Mother Goddess Brigid. Corn is used is many of the rituals which are celebrated and grain dollies are made from wheat, corn or barley which has been kept from last year's harvest. Candles are lit as a form of magick to draw warmth from the sun and to represent the increasing warmth. On this night it is believed that the spirits of the dead walk among the living.

OSTARA: Ostara - the Spring or Vernal Equinox occurs in mid-march (usually between March 20 - 22nd) when the night and day are of equal length. Ostara is a celebration of balance and a festival of fertility. This Sabbat is the trinity of spring celebrations and is also a time of blessing seeds for future planting. Ostara comes from a Latin name for the Spring Goddess Eostre, for whom Easter was named. During Ostara, eggs are decorated and used as altar decorations to honour the Goddess and the God as well as carried as magickal talismans for fertility. Eggs are also given as cherished gifts as they are sacred objects of life and fertility. The Great Rite, symbolic of the sexual union between Goddess and God and of the physical and spiritual union between all men and women, began to be enacted on the day of Ostara.

BELTANE: Beltane or May Day occurs on May 1st, falling opposite Samhain in the wheel of the year. Beltane marks the start of summer and is a time for feasting, celebration and joy. It is a time for looking forward to the future and to prepare for the summer months ahead. It is also a time for love and union as it represents the union of the Goddess and the God. The rituals may be quite erotic in nature. It is another fertility Sabbat and the Great Rite may also be a part of the ritual. Dancing around the Maypole may be a part of the festivities. Beltane is thought by Wiccans to be derived from a word meaning "balefire". It is traditional to take home a smoldering piece of the Beltane bonfire to bring blessings to your home during the coming summer months. It is also believed that the smoke from a Beltane bonfire is the best to use for ritual purification of tools, jewelry etc.

LITHA: Litha or the Summer Solstice occurs around June 22nd and is the longest day of the year. Litha represents the Sun King and is a celebration of passion and of ensuring the success of the crop. The Goddess is heavy with pregnancy and so is the earth. This ritual is full of the symbols of fertility. Animal blessings are popular at Litha Celebrations, especially those designed for protection of familiars. Because this is a Sabbat which glorifies the God, it is a good time to make protective amulets.

LAMMAS: Lammas occurs on August 2nd and is the first of three Wiccan harvest celebrations. It represents the beginning of the harvest cycle. In Western paganism it is a grain festival which is sometimes called the Sabbat of the First Fruits. Lammas honours the Celtic God Lugh and it is possible that it may have some association with the Roman Moon Goddess, Luna. Lugh was a God of harvest, fire, light and sun. Lugh's sacrificial death and rebirth as a sheaf of grain is often re-enacted on Lammas. Other rituals on this Sabbat contain enactments of growth, birth, honour, and thanks to the Goddess.

MABON: Mabon - the Autumn Equinox - is the second Wiccan harvest festival and occurs at or around September 21st. It is associated with the harvesting of corn and the completion of the harvest. After this night of balance, darkness will begin to overcome the light. This is considered, by many Wiccans, the official turning point to the dark of the year. This Sabbat was named for Mabon, the Welsh God who symbolized the male fertilizing principle. Rituals which enact the elderly aspects of both the Goddess and the God are performed at this Sabbat.

The Esbats

Although compared to the Sabbats the Esbats are considered "minor" they are in fact very important to the craft and nearly all Witches celebrate them. Esbats are traditionally a celebration of the full moon. Each full moon Esbat centres around formal circle casting and the charge of the Goddess is recited. The charge of the God is omitted, not as a slight, but simply that the moon is ruled by the Goddess.

Please note that there are thirteen full moons in the year. Although there is a full moon each month sometime during the year there will be a thirteenth, in other words one month will have two full moons. Which month this is will vary depending on the year.

January: The Wolf Moon February: The Chaste Moon March: The Seed Moon
     
April: The Hare Moon May: The Dyad Moon June: The Honey Moon
     
July: The Wort Moon August: The Barley Moon September: The Harvest Moon
     
October: The Blood Moon November: The Snow Moon December: The Oak Moon

The Moon

The moon plays a very important in the practices of any Wiccan or witch. In our everday world the moon not only affects the tides of the oceans, but the emotions of people. Ask any member of the emergency services and they will have a story that relates to people and the full moon.

Mythologically the moon is associated with many Goddesses in many different cultures. The moon is considered the embodiment of the Goddess. It is not surprising therefore, that Wiccans incorporate the moon into their workings almost as a matter of course.

The moon goes through approximately thirteen cycles during the year each lasting twenty-eight days. Spellwork an be affected quite drastically depending on the current phase. Each phase has important benefits to Wiccans path and it can be very helpful to check on the moons position when planning any spell or ritual. The power of the moon can lend energy to all magick and to all people who allow its energies to wash over them.

The moon is an important entity in any Wiccan’s practice. In the physical world the cycles of the moon affect the tides of the oceans as well as the tides of emotion within people. After all, our bodies are made up of mostly water. Ask any police officer or emergency room nurse. People are affected by the moon. Mythology associates the moon with many Goddesses in many cultures. (It is important to note however, that not all Goddesses are moon goddesses.) How do we as Wiccans incorporate the cycles of the moon into our path? Let’s break things down into the phases of the moon and explore the meaning and magic that surrounds them.

Moon Phase Correspondences

Almost everything has specific elemental qualities, which are generally referred to as correspondences. Astrologically we are all born uder a certain sign of the zodiac and this influences who we are and what we become. Gender, individual upbringing, nationality, and race all influence our characters and personal qualities. In exactly the same way correspondences influence the different elements and tools that aret used to perform magick. Choosing elements with the right correspondences can help to insure the success of your magickal workings.

Below is a list of moon phase correspondences.

 
 
New Moon: New Moon magick begins on the day of the new moon to three and a half days after. The energy of the new moon should be used for for new ventures, projects and new beginnings etc. It can also be used for for love spells and healing.
 
Waxing Moon: The waxing moon begins seven days after the new moon and lasts for seven days. Use the energy of the waxing moon for courage friendship, good health, good luck, love, success, and wealth spells.
 
Full Moon: The full moon begins fourteen days after the new moon and lasts three and a half days. The energy of the full moon is a great time for any divination, prophecy, or protection spells. In addition it's a pretty good time for love, legal matters, and financial attraction spells. Any spell you feel that could use an extra bit of energy can also be done at this time.
 
Waning Moon: The waning moon begins three and a half days after the full moon and lasts for ten and a half days. Use the energy of the waning moon for banishing, binding, illness and addiction spells.
 
Dark Moon: The dark moon begins ten-and-a-half days after the full moon and lasts for three and a half days. The dark moon is a time for ridding oneself of bad habits, banishing and binding spells, understanding oneself and also for spells that require justice to be brought to bear.

Elementals

Elementals are the mystical creatures that are deemed to live within the spirit realm of the elements air, earth, fire, and water. They are watched over and controlled by the Lords of the Watchtowers or Guardians.

Air spirits are known as Sylphs

Earth spirits are known as Gnomes

Fire spirits are known as Salamanders

Water spirits are known as Undines.

Folklore traditionally had it that elementals were somewhere between somewhat fickle and downright evil. They were thought to trick, trap, and kill people. It was this commonly held belief centuries ago that played a major part in many of the witch hunts.

Elementals can be called upon to assist you in your magick but care should always be taken to control them.

Their ability to help you effectively can be determined by checking out their "profiles" on adjoining pages. Each has its own list of spell types that they are known for.

The Elements - Air

The five basic elements are Earth, Air, Fire, Water and Spirit. These elements all have different vibrations which, when properly aligned, can help to produce the desired results in your magick.

The following list will give you information relating to the element of Air:

 
 
Direction: East.
 
Color: Blue, green and yellow.
 
Gender: Male.
 
Season: Spring.
 
Ritual Tool: Besom, fan, pen, sword and wand.
 
Sign: Aquarius, Gemini and Libra.
 
Planet: Neptune.
 
Chakra: Navel.
 
Sense: Touch.
 
Tarot: The Hermit, Wheel of Fortune and the Swords suit.
 
Deity: Alieon, Aquillo, Boreas, Enlil, Feng Pho-Pho, Oya, Nut Loskeha, Vaya and Zephyrus.
 
Crystal: Aventurine, mica, pumice and meteorites.
 
Herb: Agrimony, dandelion, holly, hops, lavender, marjoram, mistletoe and parsley.
 
Metal: Aluminum and tin.
 
Favored Moon Phase: 1st quarter.
 
Favored Time: Dawn.

Air Elementals - Sylphs

The spirit realm of the element air is inhabited by spiritual beings called Sylphs. Sylphs have made an appearance in many myths and legends over the centuries. It is thought by some that the muses of Greek mythology were actually Sylphs who had assumed human form in order to lead mankind along a spiritual path.

Sylphs are esponsible for the growth and nurturing of all plant life. They also make their presence known in the weather. They are also generally associated with any activity of the mind. Particularly creativity. They are thought to influence and inspire human actions. Faeries are Sylphs appearing to us in human form.

Sylphs can be called to aid in all magick associated with the element air as shown below:

 

 
Achievement Healing Energy
Advancement Health
Ambition Intellectual Growth
Buying Intelligence
Career Law
Children Mental Alertness
Clairvoyance Personal Finances
Creativity Promotion
Divination Prosperity
Fun Selling
Goal Attainment Social Service
Harmony Success
 

The Elements - Earth

The five basic elements are Earth, Air, Fire, Water and Spirit. These elements all have different vibrations which, when properly aligned, can help to produce the desired results in your magick.

The following list will give you information relating to the element of Earth:

 
 
Direction: North.
 
Color: Brown, black, green and purple.
 
Gender: Female.
 
Season: Fall or winter.
 
Ritual Tool: Necklace, pentacle, salt, sand, shield and stones.
 
Sign: Capricorn, Taurus and Virgo.
 
Planet: Earth.
 
Chakra: Heart.
 
Sense: Smell.
 
Tarot: The Empress and the Pentacles suit.
 
Deity: Aker, Dagon, Eriu, Gaia, Hapi, Ishuara, Ma-Emma, Mater, Mati and Tellis.
 
Crystal: Amazonite, emerald, geodes, jade, jet, malachite, peridot and turquoise.
 
Herb: Alfalfa, barley, bistort, cotton, horsetail, mugwort, patchouli, pine and vetivert.
 
Metal: Lead and mercury.
 
Favored Moon Phase: 4th quarter.
 
Favored Time: Midnight.

Earth Elementals - Gnomes

The spirit realm of the element earth is inhabited by Gnomes. They are energy spirits and as such are commonly invisible to the average person. They are however, very close to the physical realm and can easily interact with it.

Traditionally Gnomes were hoarders and protectors of secret treasure - usually hidden in caves beneath the earth. In some legends Gnomes were known as Goblins as they were thought to be presided over by a king called Gob. Goblins could be mischievous and would often attach themselves to households and people (children in particular).

When upset they can be a little unpredictable even though they are normally quite good natured. They can certainly take credit for some poltergeist activity. Rather than being the spirit of a departed one who has not left the physical realm they are in fact an elemental that has been called upon for a task and has failed to complete it.

Gnomes can be called to aid in all magick associated with the element earth as shown below:

 

 
Artistic Ability Luck
Balance Marriage
Beauty Material Things
Change Music
Courtship Physical Healing
Dancing Prosperity
Dating Relationships
Friendship Romantic Love
Harmony Prosperity
Herbal Magick Social Activity
Household Improvements Soul-mates

The Elements - Fire

The five basic elements are Earth, Air, Fire, Water and Spirit. These elements all have different vibrations which, when properly aligned, can help to produce the desired results in your magick.

The following list will give you information relating to the element of Fire:

 
 
Direction: South.
 
Color: Gold, orange and red.
 
Gender: Male.
 

Season: Summer.

 
Ritual Tool: Athame, earrings, incense, staff, sword and wand.
 
Sign: Aries, Leo and Sagittarius.
 
Planet: Mars and Sun.
 
Chakra: Root.
 
Sense: Sight.
 
Tarot: The Emperor, Strength, The Sun and the Wands suit.
 
Deity: Agni, Aine, Brighid, Govannon, Yamaya, Hestia Lugh, Maia, Pele, Ogun, Vesta and Vulcan.
 
Crystal: Amber, Apache tear, bloodstone, carnelian, citrine, diamond, flint, garnet, obsidian, onyx, ruby, tiger eye and topaz.
 
Herb: Allspice, basil, bay, cinnamon, dill, fennel, garlic, ginseng, pepper, rosemary, thistle, tobacco and wormwood.
 
Metal: Brass, gold and steel.
 
Favored Moon Phase: 2nd quarter.
 
Favored Time: Noon.

Fire Elementals - Salamanders

The spirit realm of the element fire is inhabited by spiritual beings called Salamanders. Salamanders are the strongest and most powerful of all the elementals having the ability to change as it is needed. As with most elementals they can be mischievous and that coupled with their strength means very strong control is needed when calling upon them to assist in magick. It really is a case of they don't know their own strngth.

Salamanders when called upon to assist in magick can have a very profound effect upon human nature. They can influence our emotions and our temperament.

salamanders can be called to aid in all magick associated with the element fire as shown below:

 

 
Action Luck
Aggression Mechanical Items
Ambition Partnerships
Authority Figures Passion
Business Deals Personal Finance
Buying Physical Activity
Confrontation Selling
Energy Sex
Health Sport
Justice Success

The Elements - Spirit

The five basic elements are Earth, Air, Fire, Water and Spirit. These elements all have different vibrations which, when properly aligned, can help to produce the desired results in your magick.

The following list will give you information relating to the element of Spirit:

 
 
Direction: Center and above.
 
Color: White.
 
Gender: None.
 
Season: None.
 
Ritual Tool: Cloaks, cords and spell bags.
 
Sign: None.
 
Planet: None.
 
Chakra: Crown.
 
Sense: Hearing.
 
Tarot: The World.
 
Deity: All.
 
Crystal: Lapis lazuli.
 
Herb: None.
 
Metal:None.
 
Favored Moon Phase: None.
 
Favored Time: None.

The Elements - Water

The five basic elements are Earth, Air, Fire, Water and Spirit. These elements all have different vibrations which, when properly aligned, can help to produce the desired results in your magick.

The following list will give you information relating to the element of Water:

 
 
Direction: West.
 
Color: Blue, light grays, light greens, pinks and white.
 
Gender: Female.
 
Season: Fall.
 
Ritual Tool: Cauldron, chalice, pitcher, ring and all silver Items.
 
Sign: Cancer, Pisces and Scorpio.
 
Planet: Moon.
 
Chakra: Throat.
 
Sense: Taste.
 
Tarot: Death, The Moon and the Hearts (Cups) suit.
 
Deity: Apo, Boann, Cleone, Doris, Fand, Ganga, Imset, Lir, Neptune, Poseidon and Venus.
 
Crystal: Amethyst, aquamarine, beryl, chalcedony, coral, lapis lazuli, marble, moonstone, pearl, sapphire and selenite.
 
Herb: Belladonna, blackberry, burdock, camphor, comfrey, jasmine, lilac, lotus, myrrh, orris, vanilla, valerian and yarrow.
 
Metal: Copper and silver.
 
Favored Moon Phase: Full moon.
 
Favored Time: Dusk.

Water Elementals - Undines

The spirit realm of the element water is inhabited by spiritual beings called Undines. They exist in water itself but also in the humidity around us as well as other liquids.

Undines are believed to ne the classic water nymph or mermaid of mythology. The sea, springs, streams, wells, marshes, waterfalls, lakes, rivers are all places they frequent. They are present anywhere that water is.

Undines are very emotional elementals. They are very friendly and are very open to the idea of assisting humans in general as well magickal tasks that may be specifically asked of them. again, care must be taken when working with them. Although helpful they can have a very strong emotional effect on you if you're not careful.

Smaller Undines are often mistaken for faeries.

Undines can be called to aid in all magick associated with the element water as shown below.

 

 
Business Opportunity
Growth Political Power
Higher Education Research
Joy Self-improvement
Legal Matters Social Matters
Long distance Travel Sport
Luck Studying
Material Wealth Wealth

Elemental Correspondences

Almost everything has specific elemental qualities, which are generally referred to as correspondences. Astrologically we are all born uder a certain sign of the zodiac and this influences who we are and what we become. Gender, individual upbringing, nationality, and race all influence our characters and personal qualities. In exactly the same way correspondences influence the different elements and tools that aret used to perform magick. Choosing elements with the right correspondences can help to insure the success of your magickal workings.

Below is a list of elemental correspondences.

 
 
Elemental Correspondences - Earth:
Gender: Feminine.
Direction: North.
Color: Green.
Elemental Being: Gnome.
Crystals & Stones: Amethyst, fluorite, jade, and onyx.
Animals: Dragon, owl, stag, wild cats, and wolf.
Spells: Business, ecology, fertility, health, jobs, money, nature, and stability.
 
Elemental Correspondences - Air:
Gender: Masculine.
Direction: East.
Color: Yellow.
Elemental Being: Sylph.
Crystals & Stones: Moonstone, rhodocrosite, and turquoise.
Animals: Deer, dove, fox, turtle, and wolf.
Spells: Addictions, divination, exams, intellect, memory, and psychic ability.
 
Elemental Correspondences - Fire:
Gender: Masculine.
Direction: South.
Color: Red.
Elemental Being: Salamander.
Crystals & Stones: Amber, citrine, copper, gold, and smoky quartz.
Animals: Bear, coyote, deer, fox, hawk, mouse, porcupine, snake, and squirrel.
Spells: Competitions, energy, illness, legal matters, protection, sex, and strength.
 
Elemental Correspondences - Water:
Gender: Feminine.
Direction: West.
Color: Blue.
Elemental Being: Undine.
Crystals & Stones: Amethyst, coral, rainbow moonstone, river rocks, seashells, and silver.
Animals: Fish, sea birds, sea mammals, nocturnal animals, and the raven.
Spells: Childbirth, clairvoyance, dreams, friendship, healing, love, and purification.

Planetary Correspondences

Almost everything has specific elemental qualities, which are generally referred to as correspondences. Astrologically we are all born uder a certain sign of the zodiac and this influences who we are and what we become. Gender, individual upbringing, nationality, and race all influence our characters and personal qualities. In exactly the same way correspondences influence the different elements and tools that aret used to perform magick. Choosing elements with the right correspondences can help to insure the success of your magickal workings.

Below is a list of planetary correspondences.

 
 
Planetary Correspondences - Moon:
Goddess, children, emotional healing, home, prophetic dreams, reincarnation, sleep, and women's health.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Sun:
Employment, God, fame, leadership, money, new ventures, performing arts, power, and self-confidence.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Mercury:
Communications, diplomacy, influence, intellect, learning, and travel.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Venus:
Beauty, creative arts, fertility, family, gardening, happiness, peace, romance, and sexuality.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Mars:
Competition, courage, force, lust, physical effort, and strength of will.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Jupiter:
Ambition, favors, friendship, investments, legal judgments, luck, prosperity, social events, and success.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Saturn:
Lies and deceit, life's lessons, overcoming self-inflicted problems, past lives, and psychic protection.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Uranus:
Clairvoyance, energy, freedom, independence, metaphysical, spirituality, and unexpected changes.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Neptune:
Chaos, confusion, divination, dreams, intuition, and perception.
 
Planetary Correspondences - Pluto:
Astral travel, death, metomorphosis, and transfigurations.

Moon & Zodiac Correspondences

Almost everything has specific elemental qualities, which are generally referred to as correspondences. Astrologically we are all born uder a certain sign of the zodiac and this influences who we are and what we become. Gender, individual upbringing, nationality, and race all influence our characters and personal qualities. In exactly the same way correspondences influence the different elements and tools that aret used to perform magick. Choosing elements with the right correspondences can help to insure the success of your magickal workings.

The Moon spends a day or two each month in each of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Below is a list of astrologically related moon correspondences.

 
 
Moon in Aries: This is a good time to perform spells relating to job ventures and all new projects relating to money. Also a good time to develop strength and courage, and passion spells. This is not a good moon for performing divination.
 
Moon in Taurus: This moon is an excellent time for spellwork relating to love, creativity, and inner peace. Spells done at this time take the longest to manifest, but the results will be long lasting and stable.
 
Moon in Gemini: This is undoubtedly the best time for spells dealing with communications, healing, and uncrossing spells. The moon in Gemini can be unpredictable and unstable.
 
Moon in Cancer: This is an excellent moon for any spellwork involving children, divination, fertility, or the home.
 
Moon in Leo: Any spells involving career, fame, leadership,or prosperity, fame and career are best done in Leo. Spells involving love, or any other emotion, should not be performed at this time.
 
Moon in Virgo: This moon ensures success for any spell involving education, healing, and stability.
 
Moon in Libra: This is an excellent for working a spell in partnership. A suitable time for spells involving couples, fairness, marriage, partnership, and peace.
 
Moon in Scorpio: This moon is good for divination and sex magick.
 
Moon in Sagittarius: This is an excellent time for experimenting with new magickal spells, but it is not a good time for psychic work or divination.
 
Moon in Capricorn: This moon's energy is good for spells to bring about life's basic needs and for stability.
 
Moon in Aquarius: The best moon time to work on behalf of others. You need to make sure though, that your motives are pure and not based on your own wishes or needs.
 
Moon in Pisces: This is a great moon for divination, past life regression, psychic work, and spirit comm

Correspondences

Almost everything has specific elemental qualities, which are generally referred to as correspondences. Astrologically we are all born uder a certain sign of the zodiac and this influences who we are and what we become. Gender, individual upbringing, nationality, and race all influence our characters and personal qualities. In exactly the same way correspondences influence the different elements and tools that aret used to perform magick. Choosing elements with the right correspondences can help to insure the success of your magickal workings.

On the following pages you will find gender, days of the week, moon phases, the moon in a zodiac sign, planetary, and elemental correspondences.

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